Earth Sciences Quiz - Learn About Geology, Meteorology, and More

Question 1 of 35

What is the Earth's outermost layer called?

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Mantle

Core

Crust

Lithosphere

Question 2 of 35

Which of the following is the largest ocean on Earth?

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Atlantic Ocean

Indian Ocean

Arctic Ocean

Pacific Ocean

Question 3 of 35

What causes the Earth's seasons?

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Earth's distance from the Sun

Tilt of Earth's axis

Earth's rotation speed

Sun's activity

Question 4 of 35

Which layer of the Earth is liquid?

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Crust

Mantle

Outer Core

Inner Core

Question 5 of 35

What type of rock is formed from cooled magma or lava?

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Sedimentary

Metamorphic

Igneous

Organic

Question 6 of 35

Which phenomenon is responsible for the majority of Earth's weather patterns?

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Ocean currents

Atmospheric pressure

Solar radiation

Volcanic eruptions

Question 7 of 35

Which gas makes up the majority of the Earth's atmosphere?

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Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Nitrogen

Argon

Question 8 of 35

What is the term for a large-scale movement of the Earth's lithosphere?

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Tectonic shift

Volcanic eruption

Erosion

Earthquake

Question 9 of 35

What is the primary source of energy for Earth's climate system?

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Geothermal heat

Solar radiation

Wind energy

Tidal forces

Question 10 of 35

What type of fault is characterized by horizontal movement along the fault line?

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Normal fault

Reverse fault

Strike-slip fault

Thrust fault

Question 11 of 35

What is the primary cause of ocean tides?

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Wind patterns

Moon's gravitational pull

Sun's gravitational pull

Earth's rotation

Question 12 of 35

Which layer of the Earth is composed primarily of iron and nickel?

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Crust

Mantle

Outer Core

Inner Core

Question 13 of 35

Which geological era is known as the 'Age of Dinosaurs'?

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Paleozoic

Mesozoic

Cenozoic

Proterozoic

Question 14 of 35

What is the term for molten rock that erupts onto the Earth's surface?

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Magma

Lava

Ash

Tephra

Question 15 of 35

What scale is used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes?

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Fujita Scale

Richter Scale

Beaufort Scale

Mercalli Scale

Question 16 of 35

Which type of volcano is characterized by its steep, conical shape and explosive eruptions?

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Shield volcano

Composite volcano

Cinder cone volcano

Lava dome

Question 17 of 35

What is the name of the supercontinent that existed approximately 300 million years ago?

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Pangaea

Gondwana

Laurasia

Rodinia

Question 18 of 35

What is the term for the boundary where two tectonic plates meet?

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Fault line

Plate boundary

Subduction zone

Divergent zone

Question 19 of 35

Which phenomenon is caused by the Earth's rotation and affects wind patterns?

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Coriolis effect

Greenhouse effect

El Niño

Monsoon

Question 20 of 35

Which sedimentary rock is composed mainly of quartz sand?

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Shale

Limestone

Sandstone

Conglomerate

Question 21 of 35

What is the name of the large, flat, and low-lying area found at the mouth of a river where it meets the sea?

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Estuary

Delta

Plain

Basin

Question 22 of 35

What type of cloud is typically associated with thunderstorms?

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Cirrus

Cumulus

Stratus

Cumulonimbus

Question 23 of 35

Which type of rock forms through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava?

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Igneous

Sedimentary

Metamorphic

Organic

Question 24 of 35

Which gas is most responsible for the greenhouse effect?

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Oxygen

Nitrogen

Carbon Dioxide

Methane

Question 25 of 35

What is the term for a sudden and rapid shaking of the ground caused by the movement of tectonic plates?

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Volcano

Earthquake

Tsunami

Landslide

Question 26 of 35

Which type of plate boundary is characterized by plates moving towards each other?

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Divergent

Transform

Convergent

Passive

Question 27 of 35

What is the name of the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces by natural forces?

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Erosion

Weathering

Sedimentation

Compaction

Question 28 of 35

Which type of lava flow is characterized by its smooth, ropy texture?

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Pahoehoe

Blocky

Rhyolitic

Question 29 of 35

What is the name of the boundary between two tectonic plates that slide past each other horizontally?

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Divergent boundary

Convergent boundary

Transform boundary

Subduction zone

Question 30 of 35

Which type of rock forms from the compression and cementation of sediment?

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Metamorphic

Igneous

Sedimentary

Magmatic

Question 31 of 35

What is the term for the gradual movement of soil and rock down a slope due to gravity?

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Erosion

Landslide

Sedimentation

Deposition

Question 32 of 35

Which phenomenon occurs when the Earth's magnetic field flips and the magnetic north and south poles switch places?

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Magnetic reversal

Geomagnetic storm

Aurora

Solar flare

Question 33 of 35

What is the term for the process by which rocks are broken down and transported by natural forces?

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Weathering

Erosion

Deposition

Compaction

Question 34 of 35

What is the name of the large, slow-moving ice mass that covers a significant portion of land?

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Ice sheet

Glacier

Ice cap

Sea ice

Question 35 of 35

Which scale measures the intensity of an earthquake based on its effects on people and buildings?

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Richter Scale

Moment Magnitude Scale

Mercalli Scale

Fujita Scale

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